b153 (영한)

momentous, 중대한

apprension, 불안

P.1707 – §2 Not in months had they seen the Master
so preoccupied and uncommunicative. Even Simon Peter was depressed, if
not downcast. Andrew was at a loss to know what to do for his dejected
associates. Nathaniel said they were in the midst of the "lull before
the storm." Thomas expressed the opinion that "something out
of the ordinary is about to happen." Philip advised David Zebedee
to "forget about plans for feeding and lodging the multitude until
we know what the Master is thinking about." Matthew was putting forth
renewed efforts to replenish the treasury. James and John talked over
the forthcoming sermon in the synagogue and speculated much as to its
probable nature and scope. Simon Zelotes expressed the belief, in reality
a hope, that "the Father in heaven may be about to intervene in some
unexpected manner for the vindication and support of his Son," while
Judas Iscariot dared to indulge the thought that possibly Jesus was oppressed
with regrets that "he did not have the courage and daring to permit
the five thousand to proclaim him king of the Jews."

preoccupy, 몰두하다

lull, 소강 상태

P.1707 – §3 It was from among such a group of depressed
and disconsolate followers that Jesus went forth on this beautiful Sabbath
afternoon to preach his epoch-making sermon in the Capernaum synagogue.
The only word of cheerful greeting or well-wishing from any of his immediate
followers came from one of the unsuspecting Alpheus twins, who, as Jesus
left the house on his way to the synagogue, saluted him cheerily and said:
"We pray the Father will help you, and that we may have bigger multitudes
than ever."

1. THE SETTING OF THE STAGE – P.1707

P.1707 – §4 A distinguished congregation greeted
Jesus at three o’clock on this exquisite Sabbath afternoon in the new
Capernaum synagogue. Jairus presided and handed Jesus the Scriptures to
read. The day before, fifty-three Pharisees and Sadducees had arrived
from Jerusalem; more than thirty of the leaders and rulers of the neighboring
synagogues were also present. These Jewish religious leaders were acting
directly under orders from the Sanhedrin at Jerusalem, and they constituted
the orthodox vanguard which had come to inaugurate

P.1708 – §0 open warfare on Jesus and his disciples.
Sitting by the side of these Jewish leaders, in the synagogue seats of
honor, were the official observers of Herod Antipas, who had been directed
to ascertain the truth concerning the disturbing reports that an attempt
had been made by the populace to proclaim Jesus the king of the Jews,
over in the domains of his brother Philip.

exquisite < ex +quaerere (추적하다, seek out), 추적할 정도로 섬세하게 예쁜.

vanguard < avante + guard, 전위 부대.

Remains of the Capernaum synagogue

acclaim, 환호, 지지

P.1708 – §2 The Master well knew that many of his
followers were slowly but surely preparing their minds finally to reject
him. He likewise knew that many of his disciples were slowly but certainly
passing through that training of mind and that discipline of soul which
would enable them to triumph over doubt and courageously to assert their
full-fledged faith in the gospel of the kingdom. Jesus fully understood
how men prepare themselves for the decisions of a crisis and the performance
of sudden deeds of courageous choosing by the slow process of the reiterated
choosing between the recurring situations of good and evil. He subjected
his chosen messengers to repeated rehearsals in disappointment and provided
them with frequent and testing opportunities for choosing between the
right and the wrong way of meeting spiritual trials. He knew he could
depend on his followers, when they met the final test, to make their vital
decisions in accordance with prior and habitual mental attitudes and spirit
reactions.

P.1708 – §4 As they sat there in the synagogue that
afternoon before Jesus began to speak, there was just one great mystery,
just one supreme question, in the minds of all. Both his friends and his
foes pondered just one thought, and that was: "Why did he himself
so deliberately and effectively turn back the tide of popular enthusiasm?"
And it was immediately before and immediately after this sermon that the
doubts and disappointments of his disgruntled adherents grew into unconscious
opposition and eventually turned into actual hatred. It was after this
sermon in the synagogue that Judas Iscariot entertained his first conscious
thought of deserting. But he did, for the time being, effectively master
all such inclinations.

turn back, 돌이키다.

disgruntled, 불만이 가득한

inclination, 성향

P.1708 – §5 Everyone was in a state of perplexity.
Jesus had left them dumfounded and confounded. He had recently engaged
in the greatest demonstration of supernatural power to characterize his
whole career. The feeding of the five thousand was the one event of his
earth life which made the greatest appeal

P.1709 – §0 to the Jewish concept of the expected
Messiah. But this extraordinary advantage was immediately and unexplainedly
offset by his prompt and unequivocal refusal to be made king.

dumfounded, 어안이 벙벙, 당황하다.

equivocate < equus (equal) +vocare (call), 모호한

unequivocal, 분명한 (똑같이 양쪽을 부르지 않는)

P.1709 – §1 On Friday evening, and again on Sabbath
morning, the Jerusalem leaders had labored long and earnestly with Jairus
to prevent Jesus’ speaking in the synagogue, but it was of no avail. Jairus’
only reply to all this pleading was: "I have granted this request,
and I will not violate my word."

2. THE EPOCHAL SERMON – P.1709

P.1709 – §2 Jesus introduced this sermon by reading
from the law as found in Deuteronomy: "But it shall come to pass,
if this people will not hearken to the voice of God, that the curses of
transgression shall surely overtake them. The Lord shall cause you to
be smitten by your enemies; you shall be removed into all the kingdoms
of the earth. And the Lord shall bring you and the king you have set up
over you into the hands of a strange nation. You shall become an astonishment,
a proverb, and a byword among all nations. Your sons and your daughters
shall go into captivity. The strangers among you shall rise high in authority
while you are brought very low. And these things shall be upon you and
your seed forever because you would not hearken to the word of the Lord.

Therefore shall you serve your enemies who shall come against you. You
shall endure hunger and thirst and wear this alien yoke of iron. The Lord
shall bring against you a nation from afar, from the end of the earth,
a nation whose tongue you shall not understand, a nation of fierce countenance,
a nation which will have little regard for you. And they shall besiege
you in all your towns until the high fortified walls wherein you have
trusted come down; and all the land shall fall into their hands. And it
shall come to pass that you will be driven to eat the fruit of your own
bodies, the flesh of your sons and daughters, during this time of siege,
because of the straitness wherewith your enemies shall press you."

law = 율법 = 모세 5경

it shall come to pass = (어떤 일이) 일어나게 된다.

transgression, 위반

smite, smote, smitten

byward, 속담, 웃음거리

hearken to, 귀를 기울이다

besiege, 포위하다

siege of Jerusalem, 70 AD

prophets (대선지자): 이사야, 예레미아, 에스겔, 다니엘

소선지자: 나머지 (길이로 따져서)

P.1710 – §1 "The priests and teachers of that
day sought to kill Jeremiah, but the judges would not consent, albeit,
for his words of warning, they did let him down by cords in a filthy dungeon
until he sank in mire up to his armpits. That is what this people did
to the Prophet Jeremiah when he obeyed the Lord’s command to warn his
brethren of their impending political downfall. Today, I desire to ask
you: What will the chief priests and religious leaders of this people
do with the man who dares to warn them of the day of their spiritual doom?
Will you also seek to put to death the teacher who dares to proclaim the
word of the Lord, and who fears not to point out wherein you refuse to
walk in the way of light which leads to the entrance to the kingdom of
heaven?

P.1710 – §2 "What is it you seek as evidence
of my mission on earth? We have left you undisturbed in your positions
of influence and power while we preached glad tidings to the poor and
the outcast. We have made no hostile attack upon that which you hold in
reverence but have rather proclaimed new liberty for man’s fear-ridden
soul. I came into the world to reveal my Father and to establish on earth
the spiritual brotherhood of the sons of God, the kingdom of heaven. And
notwithstanding that I have so many times reminded you that my kingdom
is not of this world, still has my Father granted you many manifestations
of material wonders in addition to more evidential spiritual transformations
and regenerations.

P.1710 – §3 "What new sign is it that you seek
at my hands? I declare that you already have sufficient evidence to enable
you to make your decision. Verily, verily, I say to many who sit before
me this day, you are confronted with the necessity of choosing which way
you will go; and I say to you, as Joshua said to your forefathers, `choose
you this day whom you will serve.’ Today, many of you stand at the parting
of the ways.

P.1710 – §4 "Some of you, when you could not
find me after the feasting of the multitude on the other side, hired the
Tiberias fishing fleet, which a week before had taken shelter near by
during a storm, to go in pursuit of me, and what for? Not for truth and
righteousness or that you might the better know how to serve and minister
to your fellow men! No, but rather that you might have more bread for
which you had not labored. It was not to fill your souls with the word
of life, but only that you might fill the belly with the bread of ease.
And long have you been taught that the Messiah, when he should come, would
work those wonders which would make life pleasant and easy for all the
chosen people. It is not strange, then, that you who have been thus taught
should long for the loaves and the fishes. But I declare to you that such
is not the mission of the Son of Man. I have come to proclaim spiritual
liberty, teach eternal truth, and foster living faith.

hanker, 갈망하다 (어원 미상)

without measure (재지 않고, 아낌없이)

P.1710 – §6 And then said Jesus, pointing up to the
device of a pot of manna which decorated the lintel of this new synagogue,
and which was embellished with grape clusters: "You have thought
that your forefathers in the wilderness ate manna–the bread of heaven–but
I say to you that this was the bread of earth. While Moses did not give
your fathers bread from heaven, my Father now

P.1711 – §0 stands ready to give you the true bread
of life. The bread of heaven is that which comes down from God and gives
eternal life to the men of the world. And when you say to me, Give us
this living bread, I will answer: I am this bread of life. He who comes
to me shall not hunger, while he who believes me shall never thirst. You
have seen me, lived with me, and beheld my works, yet you believe not
that I came forth from the Father. But to those who do believe–fear not.
All those led of the Father shall come to me, and he who comes to me shall
in nowise be cast out.

once and for all, 이번을 마지막으로

P.1711 – §2 As Jesus paused for a moment to look
over the congregation, one of the teachers from Jerusalem (a member of
the Sanhedrin) rose up and asked: "Do I understand you to say that
you are the bread which comes down from heaven, and that the manna which
Moses gave to our fathers in the wilderness did not?" And Jesus answered
the Pharisee, "You understood aright." Then said the Pharisee:
"But are you not Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph, the carpenter?
Are not your father and mother, as well as your brothers and sisters,
well known to many of us? How then is it that you appear here in God’s
house and declare that you have come down from heaven?"

P.1711 – §3 By this time there was much murmuring
in the synagogue, and such a tumult was threatened that Jesus stood up
and said: "Let us be patient; the truth never suffers from honest
examination. I am all that you say but more. The Father and I are one;
the Son does only that which the Father teaches him, while all those who
are given to the Son by the Father, the Son will receive to himself. You
have read where it is written in the Prophets, `You shall all be taught
by God,’ and that `Those whom the Father teaches will hear also his Son.’
Every one who yields to the teaching of the Father’s indwelling spirit
will eventually come to me. Not that any man has seen the Father, but
the Father’s spirit does live within man. And the Son who came down from
heaven, he has surely seen the Father. And those who truly believe this
Son already have eternal life.

P.1711 – §4 "I am this bread of life. Your fathers
ate manna in the wilderness and are dead. But this bread which comes down
from God, if a man eats thereof, he shall never die in spirit. I repeat,
I am this living bread, and every soul who attains the realization of
this united nature of God and man shall live forever. And this bread of
life which I give to all who will receive is my own living and combined
nature. The Father in the Son and the Son one with the Father–that is
my life-giving revelation to the world and my saving gift to all nations."

P.1711 – §5 When Jesus had finished speaking, the
ruler of the synagogue dismissed the congregation, but they would not
depart. They crowded up around Jesus to ask more questions while others
murmured and disputed among themselves. And this state of affairs continued
for more than three hours. It was well past seven o’clock before the audience
finally dispersed.

3. THE AFTER MEETING – P.1712

P.1712 – §1 Many were the questions asked Jesus during
this after meeting. Some were asked by his perplexed disciples, but more
were asked by caviling unbelievers who sought only to embarrass and entrap
him.

P.1712 – §2 One of the visiting Pharisees, mounting
a lampstand, shouted out this question: "You tell us that you are
the bread of life. How can you give us your flesh to eat or your blood
to drink? What avail is your teaching if it cannot be carried out?"
And Jesus answered this question, saying: "I did not teach you that
my flesh is the bread of life nor that my blood is the water thereof.
But I did say that my life in the flesh is a bestowal of the bread of
heaven. The fact of the Word of God bestowed in the flesh and the phenomenon
of the Son of Man subject to the will of God, constitute a reality of
experience which is equivalent to the divine sustenance.

constitute, 구성하다

sustenance, 자양분, 음식

P.1712 – §3 Then one of the Jerusalem spies who had
been observing Jesus and his apostles, said: "We notice that neither
you nor your apostles wash your hands properly before you eat bread. You
must well know that such a practice as eating with defiled and unwashed
hands is a transgression of the law of the elders. Neither do you properly
wash your drinking cups and eating vessels. Why is it that you show such
disrespect for the traditions of the fathers and the laws of our elders?"
And when Jesus heard him speak, he answered: "Why is it that you
transgress the commandments of God by the laws of your tradition? The
commandment says, `Honor your father and your mother,’ and directs that
you share with them your substance if necessary; but you enact a law of
tradition which permits undutiful children to say that the money wherewith
the parents might have been assisted has been `given to God.’

vessel, 선박, 그릇 (액체 운반에 쓰이는 그릇)

crafty, 정교한

relieve someone of, 책임에서 풀어주다

hypocrite, 위선자 (G: actor라는 뜻)

precept < pre + capare(take), 가르침

P.1713 – §0 "Are you also hard of understanding?
Know you not that every plant which my heavenly Father has not planted
shall be rooted up? Turn now your attention to those who would know the
truth. You cannot compel men to love the truth. Many of these teachers
are blind guides. And you know that, if the blind lead the blind, both
shall fall into the pit. But hearken while I tell you the truth concerning
those things which morally defile and spiritually contaminate men. I declare
it is not that which enters the body by the mouth or gains access to the
mind through the eyes and ears, that defiles the man. Man is only defiled
by that evil which may originate within the heart, and which finds expression
in the words and deeds of such unholy persons. Do you not know it is from
the heart that there come forth evil thoughts, wicked projects of murder,
theft, and adulteries, together with jealousy, pride, anger, revenge,
railings, and false witness? And it is just such things that defile men,
and not that they eat bread with ceremonially unclean hands."

would know, 알고 싶어하는

P.1713 – §1 The Pharisaic commissioners of the Jerusalem
Sanhedrin were now almost convinced that Jesus must be apprehended on
a charge of blasphemy or on one of flouting the sacred law of the Jews;
wherefore their efforts to involve him in the discussion of, and possible
attack upon, some of the traditions of the elders, or so-called oral laws
of the nation. No matter how scarce water might be, these traditionally
enslaved Jews would never fail to go through with the required ceremonial
washing of the hands before every meal. It was their belief that "it
is better to die than to transgress the commandments of the elders."

The spies asked this question because it had been reported that Jesus
had said, "Salvation is a matter of clean hearts rather than of clean
hands." But such beliefs, when they once become a part of one’s religion,
are hard to get away from. Even many years after this day the Apostle
Peter was still held in the bondage of fear to many of these traditions
about things clean and unclean, only being finally delivered by experiencing
an extraordinary and vivid dream. All of this can the better be understood
when it is recalled that these Jews looked upon eating with unwashed hands
in the same light as commerce with a harlot, and both were equally punishable
by excommunication.

flout, 공개적으로 무시하다

P.1713 – §2 Thus did the Master elect to discuss
and expose the folly of the whole rabbinic system of rules and regulations
which was represented by the oral law–the traditions of the elders, all
of which were regarded as more sacred and more binding upon the Jews than
even the teachings of the Scriptures. And Jesus spoke out with less reserve
because he knew the hour had come when he could do nothing more to prevent
an open rupture of relations with these religious leaders.

oral law, 구전 율법

rupture, 단절

4. LAST WORDS IN THE SYNAGOGUE – P.1713

P.1713 – §3 In the midst of the discussions of this
after meeting, one of the Pharisees from Jerusalem brought to Jesus a
distraught youth who was possessed of an unruly and rebellious spirit.
Leading this demented lad up to Jesus, he said: "What can you do
for such affliction as this? Can you cast out devils?" And when the
Master looked upon the youth, he was moved with compassion and, beckoning
for the lad to come to him, took him by the hand and said: "You know
who I am; come out of him; and I charge one of your loyal fellows to see
that you do not return." And immediately the lad was normal and in
his right mind. And this is the first case where Jesus really cast an
"evil spirit" out of a

P.1714 – §0 human being. All of the previous cases
were only supposed possession of the devil; but this was a genuine case
of demoniac possession, even such as sometimes occurred in those days
and right up to the day of Pentecost, when the Master’s spirit was poured
out upon all flesh, making it forever impossible for these few celestial
rebels to take such advantage of certain unstable types of human beings.

distraught (stretched), pulled apart, 당황한

take advantage of, 이용해 먹다

P.1714 – §2 Then said Jesus: "How can Satan
cast out Satan? A kingdom divided against itself cannot stand; if a house
be divided against itself, it is soon brought to desolation. Can a city
withstand a siege if it is not united? If Satan casts out Satan, he is
divided against himself; how then shall his kingdom stand? But you should
know that no one can enter into the house of a strong man and despoil
his goods except he first overpower and bind that strong man. And so,
if I by the power of Beelzebub cast out devils, by whom do your sons cast
them out? Therefore shall they be your judges. But if I, by the spirit
of God, cast out devils, then has the kingdom of God truly come upon you.
If you were not blinded by prejudice and misled by fear and pride, you
would easily perceive that one who is greater than devils stands in your
midst.

You compel me to declare that he who is not with me is against
me, while he who gathers not with me scatters abroad. Let me utter a solemn
warning to you who would presume, with your eyes open and with premeditated
malice, knowingly to ascribe the works of God to the doings of devils!
Verily, verily, I say to you, all your sins shall be forgiven, even all
of your blasphemies, but whosoever shall blaspheme against God with deliberation
and wicked intention shall never obtain forgiveness. Since such persistent
workers of iniquity will never seek nor receive forgiveness, they are
guilty of the sin of eternally rejecting divine forgiveness.

desolate, 황폐하게 만들다

despoil < L: despoliare (plunder)

compel, 강제하다

premeditate, 미리 계획하다

malice < malitia 악의

P.1714 – §3 "Many of you have this day come
to the parting of the ways; you have come to a beginning of the making
of the inevitable choice between the will of the Father and the self-chosen
ways of darkness. And as you now choose, so shall you eventually be. You
must either make the tree good and its fruit good, or else will the tree
become corrupt and its fruit corrupt. I declare that in my Father’s eternal
kingdom the tree is known by its fruits. But some of you who are as vipers,
how can you, having already chosen evil, bring forth good fruits? After
all, out of the abundance of the evil in your hearts your mouths speak."

P.1714 – §5 And when he had finished speaking, his
apostles surrounded him and led him from the synagogue. In silence they
journeyed home with him to Bethsaida. They were all amazed and somewhat
terror-stricken by the sudden change in the

P.1715 – §0 Master’s teaching tactics. They were
wholly unaccustomed to seeing him perform in such a militant manner.

5. THE SATURDAY EVENING – P.1715

P.1715 – §1 Time and again had Jesus dashed to pieces
the hopes of his apostles, repeatedly had he crushed their fondest expectations,
but no time of disappointment or season of sorrow had ever equaled that
which now overtook them. And, too, there was now admixed with their depression
a real fear for their safety. They were all surprisingly startled by the
suddenness and completeness of the desertion of the populace. They were
also somewhat frightened and disconcerted by the unexpected boldness and
assertive determination exhibited by the Pharisees who had come down from
Jerusalem. But most of all they were bewildered by Jesus’ sudden change
of tactics. Under ordinary circumstances they would have welcomed the
appearance of this more militant attitude, but coming as it did, along
with so much that was unexpected, it startled them.

time and again, 여러 번

disconcerted, 불안한, 당황한

P.1715 – §2 And now, on top of all of these worries,
when they reached home, Jesus refused to eat. For hours he isolated himself
in one of the upper rooms. It was almost midnight when Joab, the leader
of the evangelists, returned and reported that about one third of his
associates had deserted the cause. All through the evening loyal disciples
had come and gone, reporting that the revulsion of feeling toward the
Master was general in Capernaum. The leaders from Jerusalem were not slow
to feed this feeling of disaffection and in every way possible to seek
to promote the movement away from Jesus and his teachings. During these
trying hours the twelve women were in session over at Peter’s house. They
were tremendously upset, but none of them deserted.

P.1715 – §3 It was a little after midnight when Jesus
came down from the upper chamber and stood among the twelve and their
associates, numbering about thirty in all. He said: "I recognize
that this sifting of the kingdom distresses you, but it is unavoidable.
Still, after all the training you have had, was there any good reason
why you should stumble at my words? Why is it that you are filled with
fear and consternation when you see the kingdom being divested of these
lukewarm multitudes and these halfhearted disciples? Why do you grieve
when the new day is dawning for the shining forth in new glory of the
spiritual teachings of the kingdom of heaven? If you find it difficult
to endure this test, what, then, will you do when the Son of Man must
return to the Father? When and how will you prepare yourselves for the
time when I ascend to the place whence I came to this world?

stumble, 할 말을 잊다

P.1715 – §4 "My beloved, you must remember that
it is the spirit that quickens; the flesh and all that pertains thereto
is of little profit. The words which I have spoken to you are spirit and
life. Be of good cheer! I have not deserted you. Many shall be offended
by the plain speaking of these days. Already you have heard that many
of my disciples have turned back; they walk no more with me. From the
beginning I knew that these halfhearted believers would fall out by the
way. Did I not choose you twelve men and set you apart as ambassadors
of the kingdom? And now at such a time as this would you also desert?
Let each of you look to his own faith, for one of you stands in grave
danger." And when Jesus had finished speaking, Simon Peter said:
"Yes, Lord, we are sad and perplexed, but we will never forsake you.
You have taught us the words of eternal life. We have believed in you
and followed with you all this time. We

P.1716 – §0 will not turn back, for we know that
you are sent by God." And as Peter ceased speaking, they all with
one accord nodded their approval of his pledge of loyalty.

P.1716 – §1 Then said Jesus: "Go to your rest,
for busy times are upon us; active days are just ahead."